Advances in Batteries, Battery Modeling, Battery Management System, Battery Thermal Management, SOC, SOH, and Charge/Discharge Characteristics in EV Applications

The second-generation hybrid and Electric Vehicles are currently leading the paradigm shift in the automobile industry, replacing conventional diesel and gasoline-powered vehicles. The Battery Management System is crucial in these electric vehicles and also essential for renewable energy storage systems. This review paper focuses on batteries and addresses concerns, difficulties, and solutions associated with them. It explores key technologies of Battery Management System, including battery modeling, state estimation, and battery charging. A thorough analysis of numerous battery models, including electric, thermal, and electro-thermal models, is provided in the article. Additionally, it surveys battery state estimations for a charge and health. Furthermore, the different battery charging approaches and optimization methods are discussed. The Battery Management System performs a wide range of tasks, including as monitoring voltage and current, estimating charge and discharge, equalizing and protecting the battery, managing temperature conditions, and managing battery data. It also looks at various cell balancing circuit types, current and voltage stressors, control reliability, power loss, efficiency, as well as their advantages and disadvantages. The paper also discusses research gaps in battery management systems.publishedVersio

Efficacy of Dipeptide-Coated Magnetic Nanoparticles in Lung Cancer Models Under Pulsed Electromagnetic Field

<p>Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer deaths and the overall 5-year survival rate is less than 17%. Hyperthermia is an alternative approach for the treatment of lung cancer and is associated with fewer side effects. We employed ironoxide nanoparticles in inducing localized hyperthermia in lung cancer cells using a pulsed electromagnetic field (PEMF). We synthesized, characterized and determined the uptake of dipeptide-coated iron oxide nanoparticles. Further, their ability in inducing localized hyperthermia in PEMF on lung cancer cells was assessed. Results showed nanoparticles are non-cytotoxic and showed enhanced cellular uptake in lung cancer cells. <i>In vivo</i> studies in nude mice lung tumor xenografts confirmed the presence in the tumors. Lung cancer cells pretreated with dipeptide-coated magnetic nanoparticles upon PEMF exposure induced cell death.</p